Knowledge · Soil

Foundations on clay, sand or peat: what does your soil mean?

Every soil behaves differently under load. Knowing what lies under your plot means choosing the right foundation and the right depth. An overview of the soils we meet most often in Belgium.

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Tall galvanised screw piles on a steep slope

Clay

Clay carries well when it is stiff, but shrinks in drought and swells when wet. The old, highly plastic clays such as Boom Clay and Ypres Clay move with the seasons down to about 1.5 m. That is why we screw below that zone in clay.

Sand

Dense sand is often a good bearing layer: it does not shrink and carries a lot. Loose sand can still compact under vibrations or water. A helical pile in dense sand gives a high capacity.

Loam

Loam sits between sand and clay. It carries reasonably, but turns soft when wet and is sensitive to frost.

Peat and made ground

Peat is very compressible and can keep settling for years. Made ground and backfill are often poorly compacted. We go through them with screw piles down to a bearing layer, with extensions if needed.

How do you find out what lies there?

  • The DOV database in Flanders or Geoportail in Wallonia for soil maps and existing soundings
  • A CPT sounding on site for certainty with homes and larger projects
  • The installation torque of every pile during installation

Soiltek is a specialist contractor, not an engineering firm. We provide the manufacturer's product data and align the pile proposal with your structural engineer.

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Frequently asked questions

Can you build on clay?

Yes, but below the zone that moves with the seasons. With screw piles we go below that zone or down to a bearing layer.

What if there is peat under my plot?

Then we screw through it down to the bearing layer underneath, with extensions if needed. A CPT shows how thick the peat is.

Do screw piles work in sand?

Yes. Dense sand is often an excellent layer for the helix.