Knowledge · Depth

Frost and foundation depth: how deep must a foundation go?

Water in the ground expands when it freezes. If a foundation is too shallow, frost can push it up and it drops again when it thaws. That is why a foundation for structures that must not move goes below frost depth.

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Installed ground screws in a garden

What is frost depth?

Frost depth is how deep the ground can freeze in a severe winter. In Belgium a frost-free foundation depth of about 0.6 to 0.8 m is used in practice.

How deep do we go?

  • Ground screws for buildings and structures that must not move: at least below frost depth, in practice 1.2 m or more
  • All piles and screws from our pile calculator go at least 1.2 m deep
  • Short 0.8 m screws we use only for light applications such as fences
  • Screw piles go further until the helix sits in a bearing layer: 6, 10 or even 15 m for homes or soft ground

Frost and clay

On clay, drought counts as well as frost: the seasons act down to about 1.5 m. For heavier structures on clay we therefore go deeper than frost alone would require.

In the design too

When designing a screw pile we do not count the top metre of soil for friction along the pile: that zone can dry out, freeze or has been backfilled.

Soiltek is a specialist contractor, not an engineering firm. We provide the manufacturer's product data and align the pile proposal with your structural engineer.

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Frequently asked questions

How deep should a garden shed foundation go?

For a shed that must not move, at least below frost depth. Our ground screws go 1.2 m or more for that in practice.

Can frost lift a ground screw?

Not if it is deep enough. The thread then sits in ground that does not freeze.

Does a foundation on clay need to go deeper?

Often, yes, because clay also moves with drought, down to about 1.5 m.