Knowledge · Soil

A CPT sounding explained: how to read the ground

A CPT sounding (cone penetration test) is the fastest way to know what lies under your building plot. It shows layer by layer whether there is sand, clay, loam or peat, and where the bearing ground begins.

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Two piling rigs in a field with installed screw piles

How does a CPT work?

A steel rod with a cone tip is pushed into the ground at a constant speed. The device continuously measures the resistance on the tip (cone resistance qc) and the friction along a sleeve (fs).

What do you read from it?

  • High cone resistance and low friction usually point to sand
  • Low cone resistance and relatively high friction point to clay
  • Very low values point to peat or soft made ground
  • Where the cone resistance rises clearly and stays high, the bearing layer often begins

Where to find existing soundings?

In Flanders many soundings are in the DOV database. In Wallonia you can check Geoportail. Sometimes a sounding nearby is enough for a first idea.

When do you need a sounding?

  • For homes, modular buildings, bridges and battery parks: strongly recommended and often required by the structural engineer
  • In foundation repair, to know how deep the bearing layer lies
  • For a terrace or garden shed rarely: the installation torque of the screws gives enough certainty

Soiltek is a specialist contractor, not an engineering firm. We provide the manufacturer's product data and align the pile proposal with your structural engineer.

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Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a CPT and a borehole?

A CPT measures resistance continuously and so shows the layers. A borehole brings up soil samples, on which a lab can determine, for example, the plasticity of clay. For damage from shrinking clay, Buildwise combines both.

How deep does a CPT go?

As deep as needed to find the bearing layer, often several metres below the planned pile tip.

Who carries out the CPT?

A specialist site investigation firm. We start from the result to choose the pile and the depth.